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he Internet is a packet-switching network with a distributed mesh topology. Information travels in packets across a network that consists of multiple paths to a destination. Networks are interconnected with routers, which forward packets along paths to their destinations. The mesh topology provides redundant links. If a link fails, packets are routed around the link along different paths. The Internet is sometimes called a backbone network, but this is misleading since the Internet is actually many backbones that are interconnected to form a mesh.
Computer
The term "backbone" comes from an early research network called the NSFNET, which was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation. This network created the hierarchical model that is still used today, in which local service providers connect to regional services, which, in turn, connect to national or global service providers. Today, many backbones exist and they are interconnected so that traffic can flow from any host to any other host. In addition, many regional networks directly connect with one another, bypassing the backbone networks. The networks of the Internet are managed by large independent service providers such as MCI Worldcom, Sprint, Earthlink, Cable and Wireless, and others. There are NSPs (network service providers), ISPs (Internet service providers), and exchange points. NSPs build national or global networks and sell bandwidth to regional NSPs. Regional NSPs then resell bandwidth to local ISPs. Local ISPs sell and manage services to end users.
